The Impact of Mobile Network Connectivity on Digital Financial Inclusion in Dar Es Salaam.

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of mobile network connectivity on digital financial inclusion in Dar es Salaam. The objective was to assess how network availability, reliability, and affordability influence access to and use of mobile financial services, with particular emphasis on mobile money, mobile banking, and payment applications. The research employed a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected from 385 respondents across five districts of Dar es Salaam through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were gathered using semi-structured interviews with users, financial institutions, and regulators. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. Findings reveal that while 4G is the dominant network in Dar es Salaam, users report moderate speed and reliability. Affordability emerged as a major barrier, with many respondents indicating that data costs limit frequent use of financial applications. Despite these challenges, digital financial inclusion remains strong, largely supported by USSD based services and agent networks. Trust in digital services was generally high, though concerns about fraud and system failures persist. The study concludes that although mobile connectivity limitations exist, digital financial inclusion in Dar es Salaam is resilient. Recommendations include investment in 4G and 5G infrastructure, affordable data bundles targeted at financial transactions, protection of USSD services, and strengthened consumer protection frameworks. These measures would enhance financial inclusion, particularly among low-income and peri-urban populations.